Harry Xin
FactLens · Case file No. 01案件档案 No.01

Watch closely,
trace the claim.
看清画面,
追到证据。

A science explainer under three minutes long. Five factual claims. One automated investigation, from the first frame to the last verdict.一条不到三分钟的科普视频,五条事实性说法,一次自动核查的完整经过,从第一帧一直到最后的结论。

Exhibit案件
How Many People Can The Earth Hold?
Source出处
YouTube · Life Noggin · 2:47
Opened立案
2026-06-14
Investigator侦查
FactLens · Gemini free tierGemini 免费档
Outcome结果
2 supported支持1 refuted反驳2 open未结
Chapter I第一章

The case案发

The video makes its case quickly. Within the first forty-five seconds it says that the world’s population is growing exponentially, that it will pass ten billion this century, and that the land used for livestock is larger than Africa. Each comes with a confident number, and a viewer has no time to check one before the next arrives. In other videos the claim sits only on screen, in a chart or a slide, which is why FactLens also reads the picture.这条视频的论证推进得很快。前四十五秒里,它说世界人口正在指数级增长,本世纪会突破一百亿,畜牧业用地比整个非洲还大。每一句都带着笃定的数字,观众还来不及核对一句,下一句就已经到了。在另一些视频里,说法只出现在画面上的图表或幻灯片中,所以 FactLens 也要读画面。

FactLens takes the video as a case file. It does not decide whether the video is “good”. It finds every statement that can be checked, checks each one on its own, and shows where each verdict came from.FactLens 把视频当作一份案卷来处理。它不评判这条视频「好不好」,只做三件事:找出所有可以核查的陈述,逐条单独核查,再把每个结论的依据摆出来。

Chapter II第二章

Gathering evidence取证

An investigation starts by collecting everything before judging anything. FactLens gathers three kinds of evidence, each from a different layer of the video.调查从收集证据开始,先不下判断。FactLens 收集三类证据,各自来自视频的不同层面。

  1. A

    Testimony: what was said口供:说了什么

    The platform’s subtitles if there are any; otherwise a local Whisper transcription, with every line tied to a timestamp.优先使用平台字幕;没有字幕时,用本地 Whisper 转写,每一句都对应一个时间点。

  2. B

    Scene photographs: what was shown现场照片:画面上有什么

    ffmpeg pulls key frames at scene cuts, or at fixed intervals when the picture barely changes; in this case, 12 frames. A vision model reads the text, formulas and chart values on each one.ffmpeg 按场景切换抽取关键帧,画面变化很少时改为定时采样,这一案共抽取 12 帧。视觉模型逐帧读出上面的文字、公式和图表数值。

  3. C

    The record: what is known档案:已知的事实

    For each claim, a live web search, keeping the pages the verdict relies on.针对每一条主张联网检索,并保留结论所依据的网页。

Where the five claims fall in the 2 minutes 47 seconds五条主张在 2 分 47 秒中的位置
0:030:140:330:400:44
0:002:47

All five arrive in the first 45 seconds, the stretch where an explainer sets up its argument.五条全部出现在前 45 秒,这正是一条科普视频铺陈论点的部分。

Chapter III第三章

Deduction推理

A sentence often carries more than one claim. The first sentence of this video is a good example, and it shows how FactLens reasons.一句话里常常不止一个主张。这条视频的第一句就是例子,也最能说明 FactLens 如何推理。

“The Earth’s human population is currently over 7 billion and is increasing exponentially.”
Part one前半句

Over 7 billion超过 70 亿

Holds: the world has passed 8 billion成立:全球人口已超过 80 亿
Part two后半句

Increasing exponentially正在指数级增长

Fails: the growth rate peaked decades ago不成立:增长率几十年前就已见顶
Refuted反驳

One false part is enough to refute the claim as stated. Model confidence 90%.只要有一部分不成立,整句按原话判为反驳。模型自评置信度 90%。

Each verdict is reached in two steps. First a model with live web search researches the claim and writes down what it found. Then a second pass turns that research into a fixed form: supported, refuted or uncertain, with the reasoning, the sources and a confidence the model assigns itself. Keeping the two steps apart lets the web search and the fixed output format work without getting in each other’s way.每个结论分两步得出。第一步,带联网搜索的模型调查这条主张,写下查到的内容;第二步,再把调查结果整理成固定格式:支持、反驳或不确定,附上理由、来源和模型给自己的置信度。两步分开,联网检索和固定格式的输出就不会互相干扰。

Chapter IV第四章

The verdicts真相

All five claims, pinned to one board. Pick a card to read its case notes.五条主张,钉在同一块推理板上。点选卡片,查看每一条的结案记录。

The case案件How Many People Can The Earth Hold?YouTube · Life Noggin
0:03 · narration旁白Refuted反驳Model confidence模型自评 90%
“The Earth’s human population is currently over 7 billion and is increasing exponentially.”

The first half holds: the world has passed 8 billion. The second half does not: the growth rate peaked decades ago and has been falling since.前半句成立,全球人口已超过 80 亿;后半句不成立,人口增长率几十年前就已见顶,此后一直下降,并非指数级增长。

Sources来源macrotrends.net · population-europe.eu · wikipedia.org · ourworldindata.org · ucs.org

Chapter V第五章

Unsolved悬案

Two claims were never judged. The free Gemini tier allows about 20 requests a day; that day’s quota ran out partway through this case. FactLens marked both claims uncertain and wrote down why. It did not guess.有两条主张最终没有得到判断。Gemini 免费档每天约 20 次请求,当天的额度在这一案进行到一半时用完了。FactLens 把这两条标为「不确定」,并写明原因,没有凭猜测下结论。

Leaving a case open is part of the method. A model can miss context; a search can come back incomplete; the confidence figure is the model’s own estimate, not the probability that a claim is true. For the same reason the report gives no overall score: each claim stands on its own evidence.允许案件暂时结不了,本身就是方法的一部分。模型可能遗漏上下文,检索可能不完整,置信度只是模型的自我估计,不代表说法为真的概率。出于同样的原因,报告不给总分,每条主张只凭自己的证据成立。

To close more cases: three engines想结更多的案:三种引擎

Gemini
Free, no card, about 20 requests a day; Google Search grounding gives clickable citations.免费、无需绑卡,约每天 20 次请求;Google 搜索接地,引用可以点击。
Zhipu GLM智谱 GLM
Free flash models, built-in web search at about ¥0.01 a call, no VPN needed in China.免费 flash 模型,内置联网搜索每次约 0.01 元,国内直连。
Claude
Paid API credits; Claude vision and server-side web search.付费 API 额度;Claude 视觉与服务端联网搜索。

Jurisdiction: YouTube and Bilibili work directly; Instagram and RED usually need login cookies; WeChat Channels has no public interface, so save the clip and pass the file.管辖范围:YouTube 与 B 站可直接使用;Instagram、小红书通常需要登录 cookie;视频号没有公开接口,需要先保存到本地再交给它。

§

Appendix: the case report附录:结案报告

Every run ends in one self-contained HTML Evidence Casebook: claims you can search and filter by verdict or by how complete the evidence is, with no external requests. This is the one for the case above.每次运行都会生成一份独立的 HTML 证据报告:可以搜索主张,按结论或证据完整程度筛选,不发出任何外部请求。下面是这一案的报告。

FactLens Evidence Casebook for the case: claim cards with timestamps, verdict badges, reasoning and source links
The Evidence Casebook for this case, from the FactLens repository.这一案的证据报告,截图来自 FactLens 仓库。
python -m factlens "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=..."